Android (operating system)

Android is a Linux-based operating system for mobile phones such as smart phones and tablet computers. Android provides an open platform to developers for creating their own applications for use by a variety of mobile devices. Initially, Google Inc. buy Android Inc., newcomers who make software for mobile phones. Then to develop Android, formed the Open Handset Alliance, a consortium of 34 companies for hardware, software, and telecommunications, including Google, HTC, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, T-Mobile, and Nvidia.
At the inaugural release of Android, 5 November 2007, with the Android Open Handset Alliance said it supported the development of open standards on mobile devices. On the other hand, Google released the Android code under the Apache license, a license is open standard software and mobile devices.
In this world there are two types of distributors operating system Android. The first fully supported by Google or Google Mail Services (GMS) and the second is a completely free distribution without the direct support of Google's otherwise known as the Open Handset Distribution (OHD).

History
Cooperation with the Android Inc..
On July 2000, Google Inc. in cooperation with Android., A company located in Palo Alto, California United States. The founders of Android Inc.. working at Google, including Andy Rubin, Rich Miner, Nick Sears, and Chris White. At that time many consider the functions of Android Inc.. just as the software on mobile phones. Since then rumors that Google was about to enter the mobile phone market. In the Google company, Rubin led the team in charge of developing a program of mobile devices supported by Linux kernel. This shows an indication that Google is preparing for a competition in the mobile phone market.
Latest version is version 3.0.1 Android Android also has joined with several smart mobile like Samsung, Sony Ericsson and other
2007-2008: initial product
Around September 2007 a study reported that Google filed a patent application of a cell phone (Google finally introduced the Nexus One, one of the GSM smart phone that uses Android operating system. This mobile phone manufactured by HTC Corporation and is available on the market on January 5, 2010) .
On December 9, 2008, announced the new members who joined in the work program Android ARM Holdings, Atheros Communications, manufactured by Asustek Computer Inc., Garmin Ltd., Softbank, Sony Ericsson, Toshiba Corp. and Vodafone Group Plc. As the formation of the Open Handset Alliance, OHA announced their first product, Android, mobile devices (mobile) which is a modified Linux kernel 2.6. Since Android release has been carried out various reforms in the form of bug fixes and new feature additions.
The first phones using the Android operating system is the HTC Dream, was released on October 22, 2008. At the end of 2009 is estimated at least in this world there are 18 types of mobile phones that use Android.

Android version 1.1
On March 9, 2009, Google released the Android version 1.1. Android version is equipped with an aesthetic update to the application, alarm clock, voice search (voice search), sending messages to Gmail, and email notifications.

Android version 1.5 (Cupcake)
In mid-May 2009, Google released a mobile phone using Android and the SDK (Software Development Kit) with version 1.5 (Cupcake). There are several updates including the addition of several features in this mobile version of the ability to record and watch videos with the camera mode, upload to Youtube videos and pictures to Picasa directly from the phone, A2DP Bluetooth support, the ability to automatically connect to a Bluetooth headset, animated scenes, and on-screen keyboard that can be adapted to the system.
Android version 1.6 (Donut)
Donut (version 1.6) was released in September by displaying the search process better than ever, the use of a battery indicator and control applet VPN. Another feature is the gallery that allows users to select images to be deleted; cameras, camcorders and interface the gallery; CDMA / EVDO, 802.1x, VPN, Gestures, and Text-to-speech engine; ability to dial a contact; technological change text to speech (not available on all phones; procurement VWGA resolution.

Android version 2.0/2.1 (Eclair)
On December 3, 2009 re-launched Android phones with version 2.0/2.1 (Eclair), changes were made to the hardware optimization, improved Google Maps 3.1.2, UI changes with a new browser and support for HTML5, the new list of contacts, support flash for the camera 3 , 2 MP, digital zoom, and Bluetooth 2.1.
To move quickly in the competitive next-generation devices, Google held a competition to invest with the best mobile applications (killer apps - leading applications). This competition with prizes $ 25,000 for each selected application developers. The competition was held during the two stages of each step of the selected 50 best applications.
With the growing and increasingly growing number of Android handsets, a growing number of interested third parties to distribute their applications to the Android operating system. Well-known application is converted into the operating system Android is Shazam, Backgrounds, and WeatherBug. Android operating system in the Internet site is also considered important to create native Android applications, for example by MySpace and Facebook.
Android version 2.2 (Froyo: Frozen Yogurt)
On May 20, 2010, Android version 2.2 (Froyo) was launched. General changes to previous versions include support for Adobe Flash 10.1, speed performance and application of 2 to 5 times faster, integration V8 JavaScript engine used by Google Chrome to speed up the rendering capabilities of the browser, the installation of applications in the SD Card, WiFi capabilities portable hotspot, and the ability to auto update in the Android Market application.
Android version 2.3 (Gingerbread)
On December 6, 2010, Android version 2.3 (Gingerbread) was launched. General changes obtained from the Android version include increased ability of the game (gaming), improved copy paste function, the display interface (User Interface) redesigned, support for video formats VP8 and WebM, new audio effects (reverb, equalization, headphone virtualization, and bass boost), support the ability of Near Field Communication (NFC), and the support amount is more than one camera.
Android version 3.0/3.1 (Honeycomb)
Android Honeycomb is designed specifically for the tablet. Android version supports larger screen sizes. User Interface on Honeycomb is also different because it was designed for the tablet. Honeycomb also supports multiple processors and hardware acceleration (hardware) for graphics. The first tablet is made by running the Motorola Xoom Honeycomb. Tablet devices with Android 3.0 platform will be available soon in Indonesia. The device called Eee Pad Transformer production from Asus. Indonesia plans to enter the market in May 2011.
Android version 4.0 (ICS: Ice Cream Sandwich)
Announced on October 19, 2011, Honeycomb to bring smartphone features and adding new features including unlocks with face recognition, data network usage monitoring and control, integrated social networking contacts, photographic enhancements, search for emails offline, and share information using NFC .

Features
Features available in Android is:

    Application framework: it allows the use and removal of components that are available.
    Dalvik virtual machine: a virtual machine optimized for mobile devices.
     
    Graphs: graphs in 2D and 3D graphics library based on OpenGL.
    SQLite: for data storage.
     
     Supports media: audio, video, and various image formats (MPEG4, H.264, MP3,     AAC, AMR, JPG, PNG, GIF)

    GSM, Bluetooth, EDGE, 3G, and WiFi (hardware dependent)
    Cameras, Global Positioning System (GPS), compass, and accelerometer (hardware dependent)
Android for the open source community (open source)Android has many advantages as a software that uses computer code base that can be distributed openly (open source) so that users can create new applications in it. Google Android has an integrated native applications such as pushmail Gmail, Google Maps, and Google Calendar.
The fans then build up open source community to build and share-based Android firmware with a number of adjustments and additional features, such as FLAC lossless audio and the ability to save downloaded applications on the microSD card. They often update the firmware packages and combine elements of functionality that has not been officially launched Android in a carrier-Sanction firmware.